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O Judiciário deve considerar a Advocacia • Suprimatec
O Judiciário deve considerar a Advocacia As dificuldades atualmente enfrentadas para o exercício da advocacia, em muitas situações, superam aquelas registradas no auge da pandemia da Covid-19. Tornou-se incomum advogadas e advogados “conseguirem” ser recebidos pelos julgadores, presencialmente ou por videoconferência, da primeira à última instância, como se tal fosse favor – não obrigação – concedido a poucos ungidos.
Assistimos, incrédulos, ao contínuo recrudescimento da chamada jurisprudência defensiva – assim consideradas as decisões que se fundamentam em supostos entraves processuais para rejeitar recursos, sem examiná-los no mérito (ignorando por completo os preceitos do Código de Processo Civil – CPC, que determinam a primazia do conhecimento do mérito).
Milhares de processos continuam sendo julgados nas chamadas “sessões virtuais” , realizadas sem a presença dos julgadores ou dos advogados, sem qualquer debate ou troca de ideias. Nelas, em geral, não tem havido efetivos julgamentos, mas verdadeiras eleições, nas quais os votos são aleatoriamente colhidos e computados sem que os próprios julgadores tenham conhecimento das opiniões divergentes, menos ainda as considerem para melhor refletir e, se o caso, alterar suas posições no todo ou em parte. Ao final de determinado período fixado para a coleta dos votos, vence a parte (ou o recurso) que os tiver recebido em maior número.
Não se pode deixar de reconhecer a importância desse sistema para reduzir a profusão de processos em curso no país. Todavia, o exagerado volume de casos incluídos em cada sessão e a ausência de procedimentos que reduzam suas disparidades em relação às sessões presenciais impossibilitam a boa prestação jurisdicional.
Tornou-se usual a violação de prerrogativas de advogadas e advogados, como os direitos de apresentar esclarecimentos de fato e de realizar sustentações orais. Aqueles, simplesmente inviabilizados; estas, substituídas por “videomemoriais” a que, talvez, um ou outro assessor eventualmente assista.
De outro lado, nas sessões “não virtuais” , realizadas presencialmente ou por videoconferência, o problema atinente às sustentações orais assume contornos ainda mais dramáticos e prejudiciais tanto aos julgadores quanto aos advogados, com dezenas delas realizadas em tardes intermináveis, tudo a inviabilizar uma prestação jurisdicional adequada e eficaz.
Julgamentos que deveriam ser colegiados tornaram-se meras chancelas de decisões monocráticas, estas por vezes sequer submetidas ao crivo do colegiado e proferidas inclusive em processos envolvendo questões inéditas. Precedentes jurisprudenciais deixam de ser observados pelas chamadas “instâncias inferiores”, quando não pelos próprios tribunais que os proferiram, em verdadeiras “guinadas jurisprudenciais” realizadas sem observância do procedimento fixado em lei (CPC) para tanto (mesmo porque não reconhecidas como tais por seus próprios órgãos prolatores).
Alguns magistrados se comportam como verdadeiros donos dos processos; esquecem-se de que as partes, representadas por seus advogados, devam ser assim consideradas. A elas deve ser obrigatoriamente prestado um serviço público de excelência. O Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ) exerce rígido controle do volume de processos julgados, mas não da qualidade das decisões proferidas, o que em muito contribui para a prolação de decisões equivocadas e incompletas, quando não idênticas, mesmo em se tratando de processos distintos.
Tudo isso, pouco a pouco, corrói o sistema, que caminha a passos largos em direção a um crescente e perigoso descrédito. A “ditadura do Poder Judiciário”, oxímoro ou não, a todos assombra mais e mais, a cada dia. Não há pacificação social quando não se tem certeza de que, concordando-se ou não com determinada decisão, foi ela proferida em processo regular, com o efetivo exame, por juízo competente e imparcial, de todos os aspectos envolvidos.
É fato que o Poder Judiciário é falho, como o são seus integrantes e os demais operadores do direito, mesmo porque a falibilidade é inerente ao ser humano. Não obstante, em vez de nos conformarmos com isso (como se fosse um inevitável “preço a pagar”, em contrapartida à redução do volume de feitos pendentes), Advocacia e Judiciário devem trabalhar em conjunto para que a celeridade não prejudique a qualidade.
Mário Luiz Oliveira da Costa, mestre em Direito Econômico pela USP, presidente da Associação dos Advogados de São Paulo (AASP). A Advocacia não possui soluções mágicas para todos os males e sem dúvida há muito a ser melhorado na formação e na atuação dos profissionais que a integram. É certo, porém, que o diálogo entre as instituições, com reais boa vontade, comprometimento, empatia e compreensão, asseguraria a adoção de providências mais eficazes em prol do aprimoramento da prestação jurisdicional e do próprio exercício da advocacia.
Tenhamos todos o compromisso com o acerto, com a contínua adoção de providências objetivando atingi-lo, não o conformismo com o erro. Se a Advocacia for realmente ouvida e considerada – nos processos e fora deles –, assegurar-se-ão às decisões judiciais, ao Poder Judiciário como um todo, maiores respeitabilidade e credibilidade. Nada mais desejável e necessário, quanto ao tema, nos difíceis tempos atuais.
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